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Read the text and choose the right answer. Robots: friend or foe? What is the future of artificial intelligence (AI)? Will it be possible for robots to be autonomous? If so, when will that happen and will it be a good thing? We asked four experts what they think. A I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the computing power or the algorithms for fully autonomous AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us. B I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or surpass human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly superseded. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term, machines might decide the world would be better without humans. C Personally, I think it’s fascinating to consider how we’ll speed up our evolution as a species by augmenting our bodies. Imagine if you could implant a computer inside our brain! Soon we’ll be able to do just that and enhance our mathematical ability, audiovisual perception and our memory, and this idea is only going to become more and more commonplace. AI is also popping up in the world around us. Recent developments include self-driving cars and drones carrying life-saving equipment to people at sea. Granted, there have been a few teething problems: one woman who was asleep on the floor had her hair eaten by her robot vacuum cleaner and there have been fatal accidents with self-driving cars. But progress always comes at a cost, and for me the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. D I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what’s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous ‘murderbots’, following orders but ultimately deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humanity. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do. Which expert gives their opinion about what will happen with the same level of certainty as D?

Read the text and choose the right answer. Robots: friend or foe? What is the future of artificial intelligence (AI)? Will it be possible for robots to be autonomous? If so, when will that happen and will it be a good thing? We asked four experts what they think. A I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the computing power or the algorithms for fully autonomous AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us. B I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or surpass human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly superseded. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term, machines might decide the world would be better without humans. C Personally, I think it’s fascinating to consider how we’ll speed up our evolution as a species by augmenting our bodies. Imagine if you could implant a computer inside our brain! Soon we’ll be able to do just that and enhance our mathematical ability, audiovisual perception and our memory, and this idea is only going to become more and more commonplace. AI is also popping up in the world around us. Recent developments include self-driving cars and drones carrying life-saving equipment to people at sea. Granted, there have been a few teething problems: one woman who was asleep on the floor had her hair eaten by her robot vacuum cleaner and there have been fatal accidents with self-driving cars. But progress always comes at a cost, and for me the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. D I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what’s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous ‘murderbots’, following orders but ultimately deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humanity. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do. Which expert has a different view from the others regarding the timescale of AI becoming more autonomous?

Read the text and choose the right answer. Robots: friend or foe? What is the future of artificial intelligence (AI)? Will it be possible for robots to be autonomous? If so, when will that happen and will it be a good thing? We asked four experts what they think. A I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the computing power or the algorithms for fully autonomous AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us. B I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or surpass human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly superseded. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term, machines might decide the world would be better without humans. C Personally, I think it’s fascinating to consider how we’ll speed up our evolution as a species by augmenting our bodies. Imagine if you could implant a computer inside our brain! Soon we’ll be able to do just that and enhance our mathematical ability, audiovisual perception and our memory, and this idea is only going to become more and more commonplace. AI is also popping up in the world around us. Recent developments include self-driving cars and drones carrying life-saving equipment to people at sea. Granted, there have been a few teething problems: one woman who was asleep on the floor had her hair eaten by her robot vacuum cleaner and there have been fatal accidents with self-driving cars. But progress always comes at a cost, and for me the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. D I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what’s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous ‘murderbots’, following orders but ultimately deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humanity. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do. Which expert agrees with B that the negative aspects of AI far outweigh the positive aspects?

Read the text and choose the right answer. Robots: friend or foe? What is the future of artificial intelligence (AI)? Will it be possible for robots to be autonomous? If so, when will that happen and will it be a good thing? We asked four experts what they think. A I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the computing power or the algorithms for fully autonomous AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us. B I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or surpass human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly superseded. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term, machines might decide the world would be better without humans. C Personally, I think it’s fascinating to consider how we’ll speed up our evolution as a species by augmenting our bodies. Imagine if you could implant a computer inside our brain! Soon we’ll be able to do just that and enhance our mathematical ability, audiovisual perception and our memory, and this idea is only going to become more and more commonplace. AI is also popping up in the world around us. Recent developments include self-driving cars and drones carrying life-saving equipment to people at sea. Granted, there have been a few teething problems: one woman who was asleep on the floor had her hair eaten by her robot vacuum cleaner and there have been fatal accidents with self-driving cars. But progress always comes at a cost, and for me the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. D I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what’s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous ‘murderbots’, following orders but ultimately deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humanity. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do. Which expert has a similar view to A about the responsibility humans have for the future of AI?

Read the text and choose the right answer. Robots: friend or foe? What is the future of artificial intelligence (AI)? Will it be possible for robots to be autonomous? If so, when will that happen and will it be a good thing? We asked four experts what they think. A I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the computing power or the algorithms for fully autonomous AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us. B I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or surpass human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly superseded. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term, machines might decide the world would be better without humans. C Personally, I think it’s fascinating to consider how we’ll speed up our evolution as a species by augmenting our bodies. Imagine if you could implant a computer inside our brain! Soon we’ll be able to do just that and enhance our mathematical ability, audiovisual perception and our memory, and this idea is only going to become more and more commonplace. AI is also popping up in the world around us. Recent developments include self-driving cars and drones carrying life-saving equipment to people at sea. Granted, there have been a few teething problems: one woman who was asleep on the floor had her hair eaten by her robot vacuum cleaner and there have been fatal accidents with self-driving cars. But progress always comes at a cost, and for me the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. D I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what’s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous ‘murderbots’, following orders but ultimately deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humanity. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do. Which expert seems to disagree with B about how fast humans can change?

Read the short text. Complete the sentence with the correct part. Recombinant DNA is segments of DNA from two sources that have been combined in vitro and have been transferred to the cells, in which their information can be expressed, carrying the gene of interest. Then they are placed into a rapidly multiplying cell that quickly produces many copies of the gene. The final harvest may consist of large amounts of the gene product or many copies of the gene itself. The recombinant DNA is ...

Read the short text and choose the correct answer. Proponents of GM food claim that GM food can assist in the battle against world hunger. We have seen that genetic engineering can produce crops that resist pests and disease. It can also produce crops with greater yields and crops that will grow despite droughts, depleted soil, or excess salt, aluminium, or iron. Foods can also be genetically modified to contain higher amounts of specific nutrients. One example is the “golden rice” mentioned in this chapter. More than 100 million children worldwide suffer from vitamin A deficiency, and 500,000 of them go blind every year because of that deficiency. Although "golden rice" cannot supply a complete recommended daily dose of vitamin A, the amount it contains could be helpful to a person whose diet is very low in vitamin A. What is the advantage of using genetic engineering, according to the text?

Read the short text and choose the correct answer. Foods can also be genetically modified to contain higher amounts of specific nutrients. One example is the “golden rice” mentioned in this chapter. More than 100 million children worldwide suffer from vitamin A deficiency, and 500,000 of them go blind every year because of that deficiency. Although "golden rice" cannot supply a complete recommended daily dose of vitamin A, the amount it contains could be helpful to a person whose diet is very low in vitamin A. What is the advantage of consuming "golden rice", according to the text?

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. Pavel Tretyakov started to collect artworks in 1854 at the age of twenty-two, and his first purchase was ten canvases by Old Dutch masters. He laid down for himself the main aim of ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. In 1870 Pavel Tretyakov included the most valuable and remarkable artworks of his contemporaries in his collection. He bought paintings at the exhibitions and directly from the artists' studios. Sometimes Pavel Tretyakov bought the whole series of artworks, and ... Pavel Tretyakov started acquiring artworks by the Russian masters of the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries and the fines works of Old Russian painting.

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. By 1885, Pavel had added his collection with the artworks by Polenov and with Vasnetsov’s collection of the sketches that were made during his work on St Volodymyr's Cathedral in Kyiv. Tretyakov had purchased the ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. ..., Pavel also conceived to create the "Russian Pantheon", a portrait gallery of the famous Russians masters. Pavel commissioned for himself many portraits of the Russian outstanding persons from the Russian leading masters of this genre such as Kramskoi, Nevrev, Perov and Repin.

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. ..., Tretyakov was active in charity. He was an honorary member of the Society of Collectors of the Applied Arts and the Musical Society from the dates of their foundations. He granted large amounts of money to these organisations, supporting all of their educational undertakings.

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. On August 15, 1893, an official opening of the museum under the name "Pavel and Sergey Tretyakov City Art Gallery" (nowadays the State Tretyakov Gallery) took place. In 1890, it was visited by 150 thousand people. However, Tretyakov continued building up his collection. He donated the gallery 30 pictures, 12 figures and a marble statue “The Christian Martyrs“, works by Antokolski. He was also involved in studying the collection and ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. In 1892 Tretyakov inherited a collection of Western European painting from his brother and placed it in two halls of the Western School. In the Tretyakov Gallery, this collection was equal in importance with other Russian museums. Tretyakov donated ... In his collection, there were 1287 pictures and 518 graphics of Russian School, 75 pictures and 8 figures of West-European School, 15 sculptures and a collection of icons.

Read the text. For questions 1-5 choose the correct answer.

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. As soon as it was over, Dorian Gray rushed behind the scenes into the greenroom. When he entered, Sibyl Vane looked at him, and an expression of infinite joy came over her ... He threw himself down on the sofa and turned away his face. "You have killed my love," he muttered. You used to stir my imagination. Now you don't even stir my curiosity. You simply produce no effect. I loved you because you were marvellous, because you had genius and intellect, and you realised the dreams of great poets and gave shape and substance to the shadows of art. You have thrown it all away. You are nothing to me now. I will never see you again. I will never think of you. Without your art, you are nothing." Dorian came into the greenroom to tell Sibyl that ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. The surprising likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars who are eager to help in any possible way they can, either by ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction, ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning whenever possible with the subject ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its specialists are working together with practising teachers and educational advisors to create different programmes of activities, ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. The 2nd floor is dedicated to the Imperial period. The exhibits include personal items of the royal family members, furniture and decoration from the palace interiors. There are also various pieces of artworks and documents from the era. Specific rooms are dedicated to the reigns of various tsars. An unexpected highlight is an exhibition addressing the expansion of the Russian Empire by ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. Since 1700 Russia had been ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes, it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. The Peter and Paul Cathedral which was the burial place of Russian emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress as the most protected part of the city in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with ...

Read and match the heading to the short part. Modern gadgets have made us complete slaves to machines. Most work is done with helping of machines, and there are numerous human's activities, where machines must be used. No one can deny this fact that gadgets have not only simplified our lives, but they have also made them more comfortable and luxurious. On the contrary, our dependence on them has increased so much that we just cannot do without them at all.

Read the short text. Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. When a person sleeps, a person's brain maintains proper blood sugar levels, regulates hormones that control appetite and metabolism. A person's brain reduces high blood pressure. A good night sleep leads to better physical, mental and emotional health. A person may often feel cranky and tired, have a short temper. A person is unable to think clearly without enough sleep. A person may struggle with following instructions having an argument with parents or friends and has difficulty doing things that are usually easy to do. It becomes more difficult to concentrate and to remember things. If people get enough sleep, ...

Read the short text. Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. Deep sleep provides the best rest for a person. However, if your day sleep is long, it will be more difficult to fall asleep at night because your need for sleep will be reduced. If your day sleep is long, ...

Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. School is another frequent source of concern for teenagers. They might be stressed about making friends, dealing with bullies or conflict situations with their teachers. They might also be anxious about tests and grades. Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. ... causes stress for teenagers.

Read the text and complete the gaps with the correct derivative of each word in capitals.

Read the text and complete the gaps A-F with the parts of sentences 1-7. One part is extra. To sum up, even though short-term solutions to the problem of petty crime can be effective, the only way F_______________ , is to deal with the underlying causes. For example, unemployment could lead to petty crime. If the unemployment problem is solved, the problem of petty crime will be solved as well.

Fill in the gaps with the correct words.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North America. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is more than three million square miles. The capital of the country is Washington. It was named after George Washington who chose the place for the capital and was the first American president. There are 50 states in the USA. The official language is English. The United States of America is the ____ largest country in the world.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North America. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is more than three million square miles. The capital of the country is Washington. It was named after George Washington who chose the place for the capital and was the first American president. There are 50 states in the USA. The official language is English. The USA is situated in the central part of the _________.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North America. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is more than three million square miles. The capital of the country is Washington. It was named after George Washington who chose the place for the capital and was the first American president. There are 50 states in the USA. The official language is English. The USA is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the ________.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North America. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is more than three million square miles. The capital of the country is Washington. It was named after George Washington who chose the place for the capital and was the first American president. There are 50 states in the USA. The official language is English. The capital of the country is ________.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North America. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is more than three million square miles. The capital of the country is Washington. It was named after George Washington who chose the place for the capital and was the first American president. There are 50 states in the USA. The official language is English. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the ______.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North America. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is more than three million square miles. The official language is English. The capital of the country is Washington. It was named after George Washington who chose the place for the capital and was the first American president. There are 50 states in the USA. The official language is ________.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North America. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is more than three million square miles. The capital of the country is Washington. It was named after George Washington who chose the place for the capital and was the first American president. There are 50 states in the USA. The official language is English. There are ______ states in the USA.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North America. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is more than three million square miles. The capital of the country is Washington. It was named after George Washington who chose the place for the capital and was the first American president. There are 50 states in the USA. The official language is English. The USA also includes Alaska and _________.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North America. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is more than three million square miles. The capital of the country is Washington. It was named after George Washington who chose the place for the capital and was the first American president. There are 50 states in the USA. The official language is English. The total area of the country is more than _______ square miles.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North America. The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It also includes Alaska and Hawaii. The total area of the country is more than three million square miles. The capital of the country is Washington. It was named after George Washington who chose the place for the capital and was the first American president. There are 50 states in the USA. The official language is English. __________ was the first American president.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The USA is a very large country, so the climate is different from state to state. It is mostly temperate but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, and arctic in Alaska. The main mountain chains are the Cordillera in the west and the Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and the deepest in the USA. The flag of the United States of America is called “Stars and Stripes”. There are three colours on the flag – red, white and blue. The 50 stars stand for the 50 states of the Union. The United States of America is a presidential republic. The head of state is the president. Now he is Joe Biden. There are two political parties in the USA: the republican and the democratic. This country is made up of 50 states and the independent District of Columbia. The climate of the USA is mostly ______.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The USA is a very large country, so the climate is different from state to state. It is mostly temperate but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, and arctic in Alaska. The main mountain chains are the Cordillera in the west and the Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and the deepest in the USA. The flag of the United States of America is called “Stars and Stripes”. There are three colours on the flag – red, white and blue. The 50 stars stand for the 50 states of the Union. The United States of America is a presidential republic. The head of state is the president. Now he is Joe Biden. There are two political parties in the USA: the republican and the democratic. This country is made up of 50 states and the independent District of Columbia. The main mountain chains are the __________in the west.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The USA is a very large country, so the climate is different from state to state. It is mostly temperate but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, and arctic in Alaska. The main mountain chains are the Cordillera in the west and the Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and the deepest in the USA. The flag of the United States of America is called “Stars and Stripes”. There are three colours on the flag – red, white and blue. The 50 stars stand for the 50 states of the Union. The United States of America is a presidential republic. The head of state is the president. Now he is Joe Biden. There are two political parties in the USA: the republican and the democratic. This country is made up of 50 states and the independent District of Columbia. ____________are the largest and the deepest in the USA.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The USA is a very large country, so the climate is different from state to state. It is mostly temperate but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, and arctic in Alaska. The main mountain chains are the Cordillera in the west and the Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and the deepest in the USA. The flag of the United States of America is called “Stars and Stripes”. There are three colours on the flag – red, white and blue. The 50 stars stand for the 50 states of the Union. The United States of America is a presidential republic. The head of state is the president. Now he is Joe Biden. There are two political parties in the USA: the republican and the democratic. This country is made up of 50 states and the independent District of Columbia. The flag of the United States of America is called “_____________”.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The USA is a very large country, so the climate is different from state to state. It is mostly temperate but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, and arctic in Alaska. The main mountain chains are the Cordillera in the west and the Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and the deepest in the USA. The flag of the United States of America is called “Stars and Stripes”. There are three colours on the flag – red, white and blue. The 50 stars stand for the 50 states of the Union. The United States of America is a presidential republic. The head of state is the president. Now he is Joe Biden. There are two political parties in the USA: the republican and the democratic. This country is made up of 50 states and the independent District of Columbia. There are three colours on the flag of the USA – black, _______and red.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The USA is a very large country, so the climate is different from state to state. It is mostly temperate but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, and arctic in Alaska. The main mountain chains are the Cordillera in the west and the Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and the deepest in the USA. The flag of the United States of America is called “Stars and Stripes”. There are three colours on the flag – red, white and blue. The 50 stars stand for the 50 states of the Union. The United States of America is a presidential republic. The head of state is the president. Now he is Joe Biden. There are two political parties in the USA: the republican and the democratic. This country is made up of 50 states and the independent District of Columbia. The USA is a __________republic.

Read the text and put the missing word in the sentence below. The USA is a very large country, so the climate is different from state to state. It is mostly temperate but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, and arctic in Alaska. The main mountain chains are the Cordillera in the west and the Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and the deepest in the USA. The flag of the United States of America is called “Stars and Stripes”. There are three colours on the flag – red, white and blue. The 50 stars stand for the 50 states of the Union. The United States of America is a presidential republic. The head of state is the president. Now he is Joe Biden. There are two political parties in the USA: the republican and the democratic. This country is made up of 50 states and the independent District of Columbia. Now the head of the USA is the president __________.

Read the short text. Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. Sleep is a condition of your body and mind in which a nervous system is relatively inactive. Your eyes are closed, muscles are relaxed, and consciousness is mostly suspended for several hours. There are 24 hours in one day, there are 168 hours in a week, and there are 8,760 hours in a year. The average amount of sleep, which many people get each day, should be about 8 hours. It is one-third of a day. If you live 90 years old, you will sleep for 30 years in your life. Every living thing needs to sleep and to rest. A person should sleep ___

Read the short text. Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. When a person sleeps, a person's brain maintains proper blood sugar levels, regulates hormones that control appetite and metabolism. A person's brain reduces high blood pressure. A good night sleep leads to better physical, mental and emotional health. A person may often feel cranky and tired, have a short temper. A person is unable to think clearly without enough sleep. A person may struggle with following instructions having an argument with parents or friends and has difficulty doing things that are usually easy to do. It becomes more difficult to concentrate and to remember things. If people get enough sleep, ___

Read the short text. Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. When a person sleeps, a person's brain maintains proper blood sugar levels, regulates hormones that control appetite and metabolism. A person's brain reduces high blood pressure. A good night sleep leads to better physical, mental and emotional health. A person may often feel cranky and tired, have a short temper. A person is unable to think clearly without enough sleep. A person may struggle with following instructions having an argument with parents or friends and has difficulty doing things that are usually easy to do. It becomes more difficult to concentrate and to remember things. If people don't get enough sleep, ___

Read the short text. Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. Stage three usually lasts from 35 to 45 minutes after falling asleep, and your brain waves slow down and decrease. You can sleep easily through many disturbances such as noises and movements. Waking up will cause disorientation and confusion for a few moments. Other names for this stage include 'slow-wave sleep' and 'Delta sleep'. Sleepwalking, night terrors and sleep talking may occur during this stage. During stage three of sleep, ___

Read the short text. Read and complete the sentence with the correct part. Deep sleep provides the best rest for a person. However, if your day sleep is long, it will be more difficult to fall asleep at night because your need for sleep will be reduced. If your day sleep is long, ___

Read the text and mark the statements True, False or Not stated. A very special breakfast I opened my eyes on a warm Sunday morning in June to the sound of a crowd running in the direction of the hall and back to the kitchen. I opened the bedroom door and bumped into my sons dressed like Indians and holding up wooden arrows that nearly hurt me. “Good morning, Daddy!” they shouted and ran away. I slowly went to the kitchen dreaming of a cup of hot coffee. “Daddy, Mummy said you can spend Father’s Day with us. She won’t be home from shopping until late”, said Ian. That was a very special present from my wife! I thought I should also plan something extraordinary for Mother’s Day. The boys were dragging me by my arms to the kitchen table covered with all sorts of plates. “Daddy, we’ve made breakfast for you!” they cried. I decided to start with the chocolate dessert with honey syrup. When I had a small piece I forgot about chocolate and the syrup altogether as it was all sugar. “Tasty”, I murmured with a forced smile. The boys smiled and moved a plate with pieces of toast closer to me. I tried the one with the stuff that looked like peanut butter. “Is it all right?” wondered Trevor, “We’ve used the peanut butter from the fridge but we’ve added some additional ingredients.” I could hardly manage to say the single word, “good” in return. The bread was really good, but the unidentified stuff stuck to my mouth like glue. To try another dish I had to clear out my mouth first. The boys did not notice my inconvenience as they were busy getting the next dish ready. My first attempt to identify the dark brown object on the plate was not successful. “Carrot?” I tried, shyly. “No, Daddy, bacon!” said Ian proudly. “Mother did not let us use the gas stove, so we cooked it in the microwave. Five minutes only.” All I could do was to nod when the piece of coal fell down into my stomach. “Did she say you can't use the coffee maker either?” I added enthusiastically. “Sure! We made you instant coffee!” they cried and produced a cup. It was filled with warm brown liquid with coffee granules on its surface. That was the only time in my life I'd had coffee made from hot water from the sink. The meal came to an end. I said it was the best breakfast I had ever had. The boys smiled and promised to find new recipes next Father’s Day. I smiled in return and looked round the kitchen which was a complete mess. Trying to make the day even more special for me they wanted to clean it up. Luckily, at that moment, I mentioned the new cartoon and they rushed away into the living room immediately. I made myself a cup of coffee in the coffee machine, cleaned the kitchen and sat peacefully for half an hour. The boys’ cheerful cries could clearly be heard from the living room. When I looked in, they were so absorbed with Tom and Jerry that they did not notice me. “Boys!” I cried, “We are going to McDonald’s for lunch”. “Cool!” came the answer.

Read the text attentively and fill in the gaps with the correct options.

Read the text and choose the correct answer. Most people immediately think of the light bulb when they think of Thomas Edison. But although this genius did in fact invent the first practical, long-lasting light bulb, he had a hand in creating many more things we can still see around us today. He invented or contributed to recorded music, electrical systems, the telephone, the alkaline battery, X-rays and an early cinema projector. Incredibly, by the end of his life he held 1,093 patents and he is responsible for more inventions than any other inventor in history? Edison was undoubtedly a very clever person. Would you believe, though, that as a child, his teacher told his mother that he was too slow to learn? Later on, as an inventor, many of his inventions failed. So, what were the secrets of Edison’s success? Perhaps Edison’s greatest strength was that he absolutely refused to give up. He said, “Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Unbelievably, it took Edison thousands of tries before he found the right filament to use for his light bulb. He wasn’t afraid of failure. He simply saw his bad ideas as stepping stones to better ones. Even after his factory was almost totally destroyed by fire, he said, “There is great value in disaster. All our mistakes are burned up and we can start anew." Three weeks later, Edison delivered the first phonograph. Edison was also very intolerant of laziness and believed in pushing himself to reach his goals. He set himself a target, for instance, to come up with a small invention every 10 days and a major one every 6 months. Another effective little rule Edison had was to take time out to relax while he was working at his "invention factory" in Menlo Park, New Jersey. He would drift off to sleep with several small metal balls in his hand. If he fell into a deep sleep, the balls would fall noisily onto the flow and wake him up and he’d scribble down whatever was in his mind! So next time you are stuck on a problem, why not sleep on it? Scientists now agree that relaxation and short naps can improve our concentration and creativity. All in all, Thomas Edison succeeded because he was determined, persistent and knew how to use his mistakes to his advantage. So, what are you waiting for? Tap into your inner genius and get busy achieving your dreams. You might not create anything as important as the light bulb in your lifetime, but we can all light up the world in our own way!

Read and complete the text. Fill in was or were.

Put the the words in the right order.

Put the the words in the right order.

Put the the words in the right order.

Read and complete the short answers.

Write the question for the words in bold. I was noisy and naughty when I was a baby.