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Read the questions and choose the correct answer. The first drawings on walls appeared in caves thousands of years ago. Later the Ancient Romans and Greeks wrote their names and protest poems on buildings. Modern graffiti seems to have appeared in Philadelphia in the early 1960s, and by the late sixties it had reached New York. The new art form really took off in the 1970s, when people began writing their names, or ‘tags’, on buildings all over the city. In the mid seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a subway car window, because the trains were completely covered in spray paintings known as ‘masterpieces’. In the early days, the ‘taggers’ were part of street gangs who were concerned with marking their territory. They worked in groups called ‘crews’, and called what they did ‘writing’ – the term ‘graffiti’ was first used by The New York Times and the novelist Norman Mailer. Art galleries in New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies. But at the same time that it began to be regarded as an art form, John Lindsay, the then mayor of New York, declared the first war on graffiti. By the 1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught, and instead many of the more established graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings or canvases. The debate over whether graffiti is art or vandalism is still going on. Peter Vallone, a New York city councillor, thinks that graffiti done with permission can be art, but if it is on someone else’s property it becomes a crime. ‘I have a message for the graffiti vandals out there,’ he said recently. ‘Your freedom of expression ends where my property begins.’ On the other hand, Felix, a member of the Berlin-based group Reclaim Your City, says that artists are reclaiming cities for the public from advertisers, and that graffiti represents freedom and makes cities more vibrant. For decades graffiti has been a springboard to international fame for a few. Jean-Michel Basquiat began spraying on the street in the 1970s before becoming a respected artist in the ’80s. The Frenchman Blek le Rat and the British artist Banksy have achieved international fame by producing complex works with stencils, often making political or humorous points. Works by Banksy have been sold for over £100,000. Graffiti is now sometimes big business.

Read the text and choose the best answer to the question. Most of us learn at least one foreign language at school. But sadly many people drop it after that and possibly never take it up again. But why? According to the research, there are many reasons (or excuses) that people have for dropping a language or not taking one up. Most commonly, many people say they don’t have enough time or that they don’t have enough money. The other main reason mentioned by many people is lack of motivation. I have to say I recognize this! When you start learning a new language it’s really exciting. ‘I can say “dog” in French!’, ‘I can say “hello” in Italian!’ But then when you get to memorizing long lists of verbs, tenses and grammar, your enthusiasm often starts to disappear. You have to put quite a lot of time and effort into learning a language properly, and often, life gets in the way, and the latest episode of “The Game of Thrones” seems more interesting than another round of German adjective endings. If this is the case, I feel your pain! But there are ways to boost your motivation and get back into learning. Try breaking up your language learning into a small chunk each day: ten minutes of using a language app or program; reading a newspaper article or language book on the train or listening to a short podcast. Make learning fun by listening to music or podcasts, watching videos or films, reading books or magazines or using fun language games. Don’t put too much pressure on yourself to master perfect grammar – just enjoy it. Find people to chat to and impress yourself with how much you can say already. Try thinking about what your motivation for taking up a language could be: a holiday to a fantastic new country, moving abroad for work, finding new friends, talking to someone you know in their language, understanding the culture of a certain country (be it Japanese anime, French cinema or German heavy metal). Somehow half an hour of practising verbs and vocabulary seems much more attractive when you picture yourself using your newly-learned phrases abroad. Finally, another common reason that I can definitely identify with is feeling embarrassed when speaking another language. But in most cases, even if you make a silly mistake, you can just laugh it off and carry on. It might take a little time to gain confidence when speaking, but the best way to do this is simply to try it, make mistakes, realize it doesn’t matter and carry on. If you’re quite shy, try finding another learner to practise with, doing a language exchange with someone who is learning your language (so you’re in the same boat) and practising with friends before you actually go to the country. Is the following statement true, false or there is no information about it in the text? A lot of people feel ashamed while speaking a foreign language because of the mistakes they make.

Read the text and choose the best answer to the question. Most of us learn at least one foreign language at school. But sadly many people drop it after that and possibly never take it up again. But why? According to the research, there are many reasons (or excuses) that people have for dropping a language or not taking one up. Most commonly, many people say they don’t have enough time or that they don’t have enough money. The other main reason mentioned by many people is lack of motivation. I have to say I recognize this! When you start learning a new language it’s really exciting. ‘I can say “dog” in French!’, ‘I can say “hello” in Italian!’ But then when you get to memorizing long lists of verbs, tenses and grammar, your enthusiasm often starts to disappear. You have to put quite a lot of time and effort into learning a language properly, and often, life gets in the way, and the latest episode of “The Game of Thrones” seems more interesting than another round of German adjective endings. If this is the case, I feel your pain! But there are ways to boost your motivation and get back into learning. Try breaking up your language learning into a small chunk each day: ten minutes of using a language app or program; reading a newspaper article or language book on the train or listening to a short podcast. Make learning fun by listening to music or podcasts, watching videos or films, reading books or magazines or using fun language games. Don’t put too much pressure on yourself to master perfect grammar – just enjoy it. Find people to chat to and impress yourself with how much you can say already. Try thinking about what your motivation for taking up a language could be: a holiday to a fantastic new country, moving abroad for work, finding new friends, talking to someone you know in their language, understanding the culture of a certain country (be it Japanese anime, French cinema or German heavy metal). Somehow half an hour of practising verbs and vocabulary seems much more attractive when you picture yourself using your newly-learned phrases abroad. Finally, another common reason that I can definitely identify with is feeling embarrassed when speaking another language. But in most cases, even if you make a silly mistake, you can just laugh it off and carry on. It might take a little time to gain confidence when speaking, but the best way to do this is simply to try it, make mistakes, realize it doesn’t matter and carry on. If you’re quite shy, try finding another learner to practise with, doing a language exchange with someone who is learning your language (so you’re in the same boat) and practising with friends before you actually go to the country. Is the following statement true, false or there is no information about it in the text? The phrase “you’re in the same boat” means that you live in the same country.

Read the text and choose the best answer to the question. Most of us learn at least one foreign language at school. But sadly many people drop it after that and possibly never take it up again. But why? According to the research, there are many reasons (or excuses) that people have for dropping a language or not taking one up. Most commonly, many people say they don’t have enough time or that they don’t have enough money. The other main reason mentioned by many people is lack of motivation. I have to say I recognize this! When you start learning a new language it’s really exciting. ‘I can say “dog” in French!’, ‘I can say “hello” in Italian!’ But then when you get to memorizing long lists of verbs, tenses and grammar, your enthusiasm often starts to disappear. You have to put quite a lot of time and effort into learning a language properly, and often, life gets in the way, and the latest episode of “The Game of Thrones” seems more interesting than another round of German adjective endings. If this is the case, I feel your pain! But there are ways to boost your motivation and get back into learning. Try breaking up your language learning into a small chunk each day: ten minutes of using a language app or program; reading a newspaper article or language book on the train or listening to a short podcast. Make learning fun by listening to music or podcasts, watching videos or films, reading books or magazines or using fun language games. Don’t put too much pressure on yourself to master perfect grammar – just enjoy it. Find people to chat to and impress yourself with how much you can say already. Try thinking about what your motivation for taking up a language could be: a holiday to a fantastic new country, moving abroad for work, finding new friends, talking to someone you know in their language, understanding the culture of a certain country (be it Japanese anime, French cinema or German heavy metal). Somehow half an hour of practising verbs and vocabulary seems much more attractive when you picture yourself using your newly-learned phrases abroad. Finally, another common reason that I can definitely identify with is feeling embarrassed when speaking another language. But in most cases, even if you make a silly mistake, you can just laugh it off and carry on. It might take a little time to gain confidence when speaking, but the best way to do this is simply to try it, make mistakes, realize it doesn’t matter and carry on. If you’re quite shy, try finding another learner to practise with, doing a language exchange with someone who is learning your language (so you’re in the same boat) and practising with friends before you actually go to the country. Is the following statement true, false or there is no information about it in the text? The author sympathizes with the people who read his blog.

** You have to write a report on the British Empire. What facts will you include in it? Read the texts again, if necessary. Choose the facts that don't contradict their content. Food from the Colonies Spices In 1600 the East India Company was formed under Elizabeth I to compete with Dutch traders in the oriental spice trade. The company was given a monopoly on all goods imported to England from Asia. From the 1750s the company became more ambitious, starting to invade and conquer parts of India. It was now the biggest company in the world, and also an unofficial arm of the British government. When Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, the whole of India was under British rule, and she was made Empress of India. When she died in 1901, the British Empire had expanded so much that it included one-fifth of the total population of the world. Sugar As tea and coffee grew in popularity in Britain in the 18th century, the demand for sugar to sweeten them also grew. Sugar plantations in the West Indies owned by European colonists needed more workers, so their owners imported slaves from West Africa. A circular trade developed and islands such as Jamaica and the Bahamas became British colonies. Ships from Britain carried cotton and metal goods to Africa, where they were traded for slaves, who were taken on a three-month voyage to the West Indies. They were traded with the plantation owners for sugar, and the sugar returned to Britain. Georgian Britain, especially the ports of Liverpool and Bristol, grew rich on the profits of the slave trade, turning a blind eye to the cruelty and the suffering involved. Tea The East India Company also held a monopoly on the import of Chinese tea, which became popular and fashionable in the 18th century. Trading posts around China such as Singapore and Hong Kong soon became colonies. At the same time, people in America, which the British had colonized in Elizabethan times, were protesting about high taxes on the import of common goods from England. A revolutionary group called the Sons of Liberty began turning back British tea ships from American ports, and in 1773 they threw tea worth thousands of pounds into Boston Harbour. The "Boston Tea Party" was the first of many acts of rebellion that quickly led to war with England and, in 1776, to American independence. Potatoes Potatoes, originally from Colombia, were introduced to England by Elizabethan explorers. Sir Walter Raleigh grew them on his land in Ireland, which in those days was under British rule. The Irish, poor and constantly at war internally or with the English, began to rely on this crop, which was easy to grow and produced a good yield. The poorest families ate nothing else. But in the 1840s a fungus infected the crops and more than one million people died of hunger. Another two million emigrated, mostly to North America, and a de-populated Ireland remained under British rule until 1922.

*** You are at an art gallery. The guide is presenting you the speech given below. Which picture is in front of you? Choose the correct one. Food from the Colonies Spices In 1600 the East India Company was formed under Elizabeth I to compete with Dutch traders in the oriental spice trade. The company was given a monopoly on all goods imported to England from Asia. From the 1750s the company became more ambitious, starting to invade and conquer parts of India. It was now the biggest company in the world, and also an unofficial arm of the British government. When Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, the whole of India was under British rule, and she was made Empress of India. When she died in 1901, the British Empire had expanded so much that it included one-fifth of the total population of the world. Sugar As tea and coffee grew in popularity in Britain in the 18th century, the demand for sugar to sweeten them also grew. Sugar plantations in the West Indies owned by European colonists needed more workers, so their owners imported slaves from West Africa. A circular trade developed and islands such as Jamaica and the Bahamas became British colonies. Ships from Britain carried cotton and metal goods to Africa, where they were traded for slaves, who were taken on a three-month voyage to the West Indies. They were traded with the plantation owners for sugar, and the sugar returned to Britain. Georgian Britain, especially the ports of Liverpool and Bristol, grew rich on the profits of the slave trade, turning a blind eye to the cruelty and the suffering involved. Tea The East India Company also held a monopoly on the import of Chinese tea, which became popular and fashionable in the 18th century. Trading posts around China such as Singapore and Hong Kong soon became colonies. At the same time, people in America, which the British had colonized in Elizabethan times, were protesting about high taxes on the import of common goods from England. A revolutionary group called the Sons of Liberty began turning back British tea ships from American ports, and in 1773 they threw tea worth thousands of pounds into Boston Harbour. The "Boston Tea Party" was the first of many acts of rebellion that quickly led to war with England and, in 1776, to American independence. Potatoes Potatoes, originally from Colombia, were introduced to England by Elizabethan explorers. Sir Walter Raleigh grew them on his land in Ireland, which in those days was under British rule. The Irish, poor and constantly at war internally or with the English, began to rely on this crop, which was easy to grow and produced a good yield. The poorest families ate nothing else. But in the 1840s a fungus infected the crops and more than one million people died of hunger. Another two million emigrated, mostly to North America, and a de-populated Ireland remained under British rule until 1922.

*** Your classmate wrote a report on the British Empire. Read it, if necessary. Which title would you recommend him to choose for his report? Food from the Colonies Spices In 1600 the East India Company was formed under Elizabeth I to compete with Dutch traders in the oriental spice trade. The company was given a monopoly on all goods imported to England from Asia. From the 1750s the company became more ambitious, starting to invade and conquer parts of India. It was now the biggest company in the world, and also an unofficial arm of the British government. When Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, the whole of India was under British rule, and she was made Empress of India. When she died in 1901, the British Empire had expanded so much that it included one-fifth of the total population of the world. Sugar As tea and coffee grew in popularity in Britain in the 18th century, the demand for sugar to sweeten them also grew. Sugar plantations in the West Indies owned by European colonists needed more workers, so their owners imported slaves from West Africa. A circular trade developed and islands such as Jamaica and the Bahamas became British colonies. Ships from Britain carried cotton and metal goods to Africa, where they were traded for slaves, who were taken on a three-month voyage to the West Indies. They were traded with the plantation owners for sugar, and the sugar returned to Britain. Georgian Britain, especially the ports of Liverpool and Bristol, grew rich on the profits of the slave trade, turning a blind eye to the cruelty and the suffering involved. Tea The East India Company also held a monopoly on the import of Chinese tea, which became popular and fashionable in the 18th century. Trading posts around China such as Singapore and Hong Kong soon became colonies. At the same time, people in America, which the British had colonized in Elizabethan times, were protesting about high taxes on the import of common goods from England. A revolutionary group called the Sons of Liberty began turning back British tea ships from American ports, and in 1773 they threw tea worth thousands of pounds into Boston Harbour. The "Boston Tea Party" was the first of many acts of rebellion that quickly led to war with England and, in 1776, to American independence. Potatoes Potatoes, originally from Colombia, were introduced to England by Elizabethan explorers. Sir Walter Raleigh grew them on his land in Ireland, which in those days was under British rule. The Irish, poor and constantly at war internally or with the English, began to rely on this crop, which was easy to grow and produced a good yield. The poorest families ate nothing else. But in the 1840s a fungus infected the crops and more than one million people died of hunger. Another two million emigrated, mostly to North America, and a de-populated Ireland remained under British rule until 1922.

Read and choose the correct answer.

Choose the statements that are true, according to the article. What is "personality"? Many people define personality as a person’s usual manner or style of behavior. These patterns of behavior tend to be predictable throughout a person’s lifetime. Some people are introverts, others are extraverts. Some people have easygoing personalities: they are usually cheerful and calm and able to cope with life’s difficulties without much trouble. Their emotions are usually under control: they don’t get extremely angry about little things. Some people are more emotional. Most people’s personalities, however, don’t fall at the extreme ends but rather fall somewhere in-between. Where do we get our personality? For hundreds of years, psychologists have been debating this fascinating question. Some people think personality develops as a result of the environment – the combination of influences that we learn from, such as our families, our culture, our friends, and our education. The people who believe in this theory say that babies are not born with a personality and it’s the environment that determines, or forms, each child’s personality. This school of thought is called the “nurture school”. There are people who believe that personality is determined by “nature”, or the characteristics we receive, or “inherit”, from our parents biologically, through their genes. These people believe that personality is not determined by the environment, but rather by genetics and that each baby is born with a personality. The nature-nurture controversy? “The nature-nurture controversy” is a very old issue. Experimental psychologists have tried to discover which of these two factors, genetics, or the environment, is more important in forming our personality. However, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to conduct research on real people with real lives. There’s just no way to put people in a laboratory and watch them develop. For this reason, there’s no scientific way to settle the nature-nurture controversy. Recently, however, most researchers have come to believe that both the environment and the genes - nurture and nature - work together and are both important. Even though the experts have largely discarded the idea that personality development is so black and white, the nature-nurture controversy remains a popular discussion among friends. It seems that everyone has an opinion.

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese is a famous English cheese but it is also made all over the world. In 1859, a farmer called Joseph Harding wrote down how his wife made her excellent cheeses. He also gave talks on the best way of making cheese. But Joseph Harding had a very large family and his farm was too small for his seven daughters and six sons. So his sons left home and went to Canada to make cheese, taking the recipe for farmhouse cheese with them. Cheesemakers in Denmark and America also started making cheese like this. These regional Cheddar cheeses are still produced today. But where does the name come from? Strangely Cheddar cheese did not, and does not, come only from the place called Cheddar. There is a famous tourist attraction called Cheddar Gorge and in the nineteenth century tourists took the cheese home as a gift for their families, and called it Cheddar cheese. And that’s how it got its name. In the twentieth century many small family farms stopped producing cheese. In 1939 there were five hundred farms making cheddar but by 1974 there were just thirty-three. Luckily, some families continued to make cheese in the traditional way, and now more and more farms are making it again. The Kittle family in Somerset have their own cows and use their own milk to make cheddar. Mr Kittle says he usually eats the cheese they make on his own, or with bread or biscuits, but he thinks it’s best eaten hot on toast, washed down with a glass of beer. Choose the right answer. Cheddar cheese is from … .

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese is a famous English cheese but it is also made all over the world. In 1859, a farmer called Joseph Harding wrote down how his wife made her excellent cheeses. He also gave talks on the best way of making cheese. But Joseph Harding had a very large family and his farm was too small for his seven daughters and six sons. So his sons left home and went to Canada to make cheese, taking the recipe for farmhouse cheese with them. Cheesemakers in Denmark and America also started making cheese like this. These regional Cheddar cheeses are still produced today. But where does the name come from? Strangely Cheddar cheese did not, and does not, come only from the place called Cheddar. There is a famous tourist attraction called Cheddar Gorge and in the nineteenth century tourists took the cheese home as a gift for their families, and called it Cheddar cheese. And that’s how it got its name. In the twentieth century many small family farms stopped producing cheese. In 1939 there were five hundred farms making cheddar but by 1974 there were just thirty-three. Luckily, some families continued to make cheese in the traditional way, and now more and more farms are making it again. The Kittle family in Somerset have their own cows and use their own milk to make cheddar. Mr Kittle says he usually eats the cheese they make on his own, or with bread or biscuits, but he thinks it’s best eaten hot on toast, washed down with a glass of beer. Choose the right answer. Cheddar cheese was first made by … .

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese is a famous English cheese but it is also made all over the world. In 1859, a farmer called Joseph Harding wrote down how his wife made her excellent cheeses. He also gave talks on the best way of making cheese. But Joseph Harding had a very large family and his farm was too small for his seven daughters and six sons. So his sons left home and went to Canada to make cheese, taking the recipe for farmhouse cheese with them. Cheesemakers in Denmark and America also started making cheese like this. These regional Cheddar cheeses are still produced today. But where does the name come from? Strangely Cheddar cheese did not, and does not, come only from the place called Cheddar. There is a famous tourist attraction called Cheddar Gorge and in the nineteenth century tourists took the cheese home as a gift for their families, and called it Cheddar cheese. And that’s how it got its name. In the twentieth century many small family farms stopped producing cheese. In 1939 there were five hundred farms making cheddar but by 1974 there were thirty-three. Luckily, some families continued to make cheese in the traditional way, and now more and more farms are making it again. The Kittle family in Somerset have their own cows and use their own milk to make cheddar. Mr Kittle says he usually eats the cheese they make on his own, or with bread or biscuits, but he thinks it’s best eaten hot on toast, washed down with a glass of beer. Choose the right answer. Cheddar cheese was made ... .

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese is a famous English cheese but it is also made all over the world. In 1859, a farmer called Joseph Harding wrote down how his wife made her excellent cheeses. He also gave talks on the best way of making cheese. But Joseph Harding had a very large family and his farm was too small for his seven daughters and six sons. So his sons left home and went to Canada to make cheese, taking the recipe for farmhouse cheese with them. Cheesemakers in Denmark and America also started making cheese like this. These regional Cheddar cheeses are still produced today. But where does the name come from? Strangely Cheddar cheese did not, and does not, come only from the place called Cheddar. There is a famous tourist attraction called Cheddar Gorge and in the nineteenth century tourists took the cheese home as a gift for their families, and called it Cheddar cheese. And that’s how it got its name. In the twentieth century many small family farms stopped producing cheese. In 1939 there were five hundred farms making cheddar but by 1974 there were just thirty-three. Luckily, some families continued to make cheese in the traditional way, and now more and more farms are making it again. The Kittle family in Somerset have their own cows and use their own milk to make cheddar. Mr Kittle says he usually eats the cheese they make on his own, or with bread or biscuits, but he thinks it’s best eaten hot on toast, washed down with a glass of beer. Choose the right answer. Joseph Harding’s sons went to Canada because … .

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese is a famous English cheese but it is also made all over the world. In 1859, a farmer called Joseph Harding wrote down how his wife made her excellent cheeses. He also gave talks on the best way of making cheese. But Joseph Harding had a very large family and his farm was too small for his seven daughters and six sons. So his sons left home and went to Canada to make cheese, taking the recipe for farmhouse cheese with them. Cheesemakers in Denmark and America also started making cheese like this. These regional Cheddar cheeses are still produced today. But where does the name come from? Strangely Cheddar cheese did not, and does not, come only from the place called Cheddar. There is a famous tourist attraction called Cheddar Gorge and in the nineteenth century tourists took the cheese home as a gift for their families, and called it Cheddar cheese. And that’s how it got its name. In the twentieth century many small family farms stopped producing cheese. In 1939 there were five hundred farms making cheddar but by 1974 there were just thirty-three. Luckily, some families continued to make cheese in the traditional way, and now more and more farms are making it again. The Kittle family in Somerset have their own cows and use their own milk to make cheddar. Mr Kittle says he usually eats the cheese they make on his own, or with bread or biscuits, but he thinks it’s best eaten hot on toast, washed down with a glass of beer. Choose the right answer. The name “Cheddar” comes from … .

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese is a famous English cheese but it is also made all over the world. In 1859, a farmer called Joseph Harding wrote down how his wife made her excellent cheeses. He also gave talks on the best way of making cheese. But Joseph Harding had a very large family and his farm was too small for his seven daughters and six sons. So his sons left home and went to Canada to make cheese, taking the recipe for farmhouse cheese with them. Cheesemakers in Denmark and America also started making cheese like this. These regional Cheddar cheeses are still produced today. But where does the name come from? Strangely Cheddar cheese did not, and does not, come only from the place called Cheddar. There is a famous tourist attraction called Cheddar Gorge and in the nineteenth century tourists took the cheese home as a gift for their families, and called it Cheddar cheese. And that’s how it got its name. In the twentieth century many small family farms stopped producing cheese. In 1939 there were five hundred farms making cheddar but by 1974 there were just thirty-three. Luckily, some families continued to make cheese in the traditional way, and now more and more farms are making it again. The Kittle family in Somerset have their own cows and use their own milk to make cheddar. Mr Kittle says he usually eats the cheese they make on his own, or with bread or biscuits, but he thinks it’s best eaten hot on toast, washed down with a glass of beer. Choose the right answer. Tourists took the cheese home as a ... .

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese is a famous English cheese but it is also made all over the world. In 1859, a farmer called Joseph Harding wrote down how his wife made her excellent cheeses. He also gave talks on the best way of making cheese. But Joseph Harding had a very large family and his farm was too small for his seven daughters and six sons. So his sons left home and went to Canada to make cheese, taking the recipe for farmhouse cheese with them. Cheesemakers in Denmark and America also started making cheese like this. These regional Cheddar cheeses are still produced today. But where does the name come from? Strangely Cheddar cheese did not, and does not, come only from the place called Cheddar. There is a famous tourist attraction called Cheddar Gorge and in the nineteenth century tourists took the cheese home as a gift for their families, and called it Cheddar cheese. And that’s how it got its name. In the twentieth century many small family farms stopped producing cheese. In 1939 there were five hundred farms making cheddar but by 1974 there were just thirty-three. Luckily, some families continued to make cheese in the traditional way, and now more and more farms are making it again. The Kittle family in Somerset have their own cows and use their own milk to make cheddar. Mr Kittle says he usually eats the cheese they make on his own, or with bread or biscuits, but he thinks it’s best eaten hot on toast, washed down with a glass of beer. Choose the right answer. In 1974 the number of farms making Cheddar was … .

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese is a famous English cheese but it is also made all over the world. In 1859, a farmer called Joseph Harding wrote down how his wife made her excellent cheeses. He also gave talks on the best way of making cheese. But Joseph Harding had a very large family and his farm was too small for his seven daughters and six sons. So his sons left home and went to Canada to make cheese, taking the recipe for farmhouse cheese with them. Cheesemakers in Denmark and America also started making cheese like this. These regional Cheddar cheeses are still produced today. But where does the name come from? Strangely Cheddar cheese did not, and does not, come only from the place called Cheddar. There is a famous tourist attraction called Cheddar Gorge and in the nineteenth century tourists took the cheese home as a gift for their families, and called it Cheddar cheese. And that’s how it got its name. In the twentieth century many small family farms stopped producing cheese. In 1939 there were five hundred farms making cheddar but by 1974 there were just thirty-three. Luckily, some families continued to make cheese in the traditional way, and now more and more farms are making it again. The Kittle family in Somerset have their own cows and use their own milk to make cheddar. Mr Kittle says he usually eats the cheese they make on his own, or with bread or biscuits, but he thinks it’s best eaten hot on toast, washed down with a glass of beer. Choose the right answer. The Kittle family produces Cheddar using milk from … .

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese is a famous English cheese but it is also made all over the world. In 1859, a farmer called Joseph Harding wrote down how his wife made her excellent cheeses. He also gave talks on the best way of making cheese. But Joseph Harding had a very large family and his farm was too small for his seven daughters and six sons. So his sons left home and went to Canada to make cheese, taking the recipe for farmhouse cheese with them. Cheesemakers in Denmark and America also started making cheese like this. These regional Cheddar cheeses are still produced today. But where does the name come from? Strangely Cheddar cheese did not, and does not, come only from the place called Cheddar. There is a famous tourist attraction called Cheddar Gorge and in the nineteenth century tourists took the cheese home as a gift for their families, and called it Cheddar cheese. And that’s how it got its name. In the twentieth century many small family farms stopped producing cheese. In 1939 there were five hundred farms making cheddar but by 1974 there were just thirty-three. Luckily, some families continued to make cheese in the traditional way, and now more and more farms are making it again. The Kittle family in Somerset have their own cows and use their own milk to make cheddar. Mr Kittle says he usually eats the cheese they make on his own, or with bread or biscuits, but he thinks it’s best eaten hot on toast, washed down with a glass of beer. Choose the right answer. Mr Kittle says that he … .

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheese is a famous English cheese but it is also made all over the world. In 1859, a farmer called Joseph Harding wrote down how his wife made her excellent cheeses. He also gave talks on the best way of making cheese. But Joseph Harding had a very large family and his farm was too small for his seven daughters and six sons. So his sons left home and went to Canada to make cheese, taking the recipe for farmhouse cheese with them. Cheesemakers in Denmark and America also started making cheese like this. These regional Cheddar cheeses are still produced today. But where does the name come from? Strangely Cheddar cheese did not, and does not, come only from the place called Cheddar. There is a famous tourist attraction called Cheddar Gorge and in the nineteenth century tourists took the cheese home as a gift for their families, and called it Cheddar cheese. And that’s how it got its name. In the twentieth century many small family farms stopped producing cheese. In 1939 there were five hundred farms making cheddar but by 1974 there were just thirty-three. Luckily, some families continued to make cheese in the traditional way, and now more and more farms are making it again. The Kittle family in Somerset have their own cows and use their own milk to make cheddar. Mr Kittle says he usually eats the cheese they make on his own, or with bread or biscuits, but he thinks it’s best eaten hot on toast, washed down with a glass of beer. Choose the right answer. This text is about ... .

Choose: "by" or "with".

Choose the correct option. Vehicles parked in front of these gates will ___ .

Choose the correct option. The gold ___ in a cave near the top of the mountain last month.

Choose the correct option. It will ___ if you reply as soon as possible.

Choose the correct option. It ___ that the painting is a fake.

Choose the correct option. Archaeologists ___ the gold in a cave near the top of the mountain last month.

Choose the correct option. Experts ___ that the painting is a fake.

Choose the correct option. I will very much ___ it if you reply as soon as possible.

Complete the exchanges using the correct form of the passive voice. Use the FULL form. A: Are you going to the concert tonight? B: No, it ___ (cancel) because the singer is ill.

Complete the exchanges using the correct form of the passive voice. Use the FULL form. A: That film was brilliant! B: Yes, and did you know it ___ (direct) by John Travolta?

Complete the exchanges using the correct form of the passive voice. Use the FULL form. A: Why is your hand bandaged? B: I ___ (bite) by a dog.

Complete the exchanges using the correct form of the passive voice. Use the FULL form. A: Have you seen the final results of the experiment? B: No, they ___ (present) at the conference next week.

Complete the exchanges using the correct form of the passive voice. Use the FULL form. A: When will lunch be ready? B: It ___ (prepare) by the cook now.

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word in bold. Use FOUR words. The actor broke his leg during a stunt. broken The actor's ____________________ a stunt.

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word in bold. Use FOUR words. My granny made this cake. by This cake ____________________ granny.

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word in bold. Use FOUR words. They are selling tickets for the concert now. being Tickets ____________________ the concert now.