Cat CDZ

I ........................................ to school now.

British people like their newspapers. About 70 per cent of British people read a national newspaper every day and many also read a local newspaper. There are two main types of daily newspapers in Britain. The "broadsheets" contain national and international news, and pages on topics such as money, the arts and travel. These are the four daily broadsheets: The Times is very old - it started in 1785. It sells about 680,000 copies a day and it costs 50 pence. The Guardian started in 1821, in Manchester (most newspapers started in London). It sells about 325,000 copies a day, and it costs 55 pence. The Daily Telegraph sells more copies than the others — about 975,000 a day, and it costs 60 pence. It started in 1855. The Independent only began in 1986. It sells about 205,000 copies a day, and it costs 60 pence. "Tabloids" contain mostly national news. They have a lot of pages on sport and the lives of famous people. The tabloids are more popular than the broadsheets. The Daily Mail started in 1896 and it sells about 2,422,000 copies a day now. It costs 40 pence. The Daily Express started in 1900. It sells about 878,000 copies a day and costs 40 pence. The Daily Mirror started in 1903. It costs 35 pence and sells about 2,200,000 copies a day. The Sun is quite new — it started in 1964 — but it is really popular. It sells about 3,452,000 copies a day. It costs 30 pence.

Choose the correct form of the verb.

You are going to read a newspaper article about a young professional footballer. For questions 1-10, choose from the people (A-D). Margaret Garelly goes to meet Duncan Williams, who plays for Chelsea Football Club A It's my first time driving to Chelsea's training ground and I turn off slightly too early at the London University playing fields. Had he accepted football's rejections in his early teenage years, it is exactly the sort of ground Duncan Williams would have found himself running around on at weekends. At his current age of 18, he would have been a bright first-year undergraduate mixing his academic studies with a bit of football, rugby and cricket, given his early talent in all these sports. However, Duncan undoubtedly took the right path. Instead of studying, he is sitting with his father Gavin in one of the interview rooms at Chelsea's training base reflecting on Saturday's match against Manchester City. Such has been his rise to fame that it is with some disbelief that you listen to him describing how his career was nearly all over before it began. B Gavin, himself a fine footballer - a member of the national team in his time - and now a professional coach, sent Duncan to three professional clubs as a 14 year-old, but all three turned him down. 'I worked with him a lot when he was around 12, and it was clear he has fantastic technique and skill. But then the other boys shot up in height and he didn't. But I was still upset and surprised that no team seemed to want him, that they couldn't see what he might develop into in time. When Chelsea accepted him as a junior, it was made clear to him that this was more of a last chance than a new beginning. They told him he had a lot of hard work to do and wasn't part of their plans. Fortunately, that summer he just grew and grew, and got much stronger as well.' C Duncan takes up the story: 'The first half of that season I played in the youth team. I got lucky - the first-team manager came to watch us play QPR, and though we lost 3-1, I had a really good game. I moved up to the first team after that performance.' Gavin points out that it can be beneficial to be smaller and weaker when you are developing - it forces you to learn how to keep the ball better, how to use 'quick feet' to get out of tight spaces. 'A couple of years ago, Duncan would run past an opponent as if he wasn't there but then the other guy would close in on him. I used to say to him, ''Look, if you can do that now, imagine what you'll be like when you're 17, 18 and you're big and quick and they won't be able to get near you.'' If you're a smaller player, you have to use your brain a lot more.' D Not every kid gets advice from an ex-England player over dinner, nor their own private training sessions. Now Duncan is following in Gavin's footsteps. He has joined a national scheme where young people like him give advice to ambitious young teenagers who are hoping to become professionals. He is an old head on young shoulders. Yet he's also like a young kid in his enthusiasm. And fame has clearly not gone to his head; it would be hard to meet a more likeable, humble young man. So will he get to play for the national team? 'One day I'd love to, but when that is, is for somebody else to decide.'' The way he is playing, that won't be long.

Read the text. Choose which sentence A-F fits each gap 1-6.

Read the play and choose the right option. It's noon on Saturday. Jay Thomas and his sister are in the mall. Their dad will be back in two hours to pick them up. The brother and sister are going to buy a special Mother's Day gift for their mom. Jay and Nadia begin their shopping adventure at Smith's, the largest department store in the mall. Nadia (to Jay): Let's start in the jewelry department. As Jay and Nadia look at a pair of gold earrings, they hear some soft voices coming from the jewelry case. Earrings: Hey, kids! Buy us! Jay (puzzled): W-Who ... What said that? Earrings: We did! Jay: Talking earrings? No way! Earrings: Way! You know your mom will like us. Nadia (looking at the price tag): Forget it, Jay! They are too expensive. Let's go. Jay and Nadia go on to the perfume section. Perfume bottle: Yoo-hoo! Over here! Buy me, darlings! Jay: Huh? Talking perfume? Perfume bottle: Of course, my dear! And I am so nice! Nadia(to Jay): Everyone buys perfume for Mother's Day. I want something different. When they are at the scarves section, Jay and Nadia hear another voice. Scarf: Dears, you simply must buy me! Jay: More talking things here? Scarf: My beautiful colours can dress up any outfit! Nadia: Mom doesn't wear scarves. Let's try another store. As Jay and Nadia go on walking, the display in the window of the card shop catches Jay's eye. Jay: Hey, Nadia, check this out. This card is almost as big as I am! Card (loudly): Show your mom how much you care - in a BIG way! Buy me! Surprised, Jay and Nadia jump back and hurry away. Nadia: This is crazy! Why are all these things talking to us? I need a break. Let's go to the food court and get some pizza and soft drinks. Jay (to Nadia): We spent here more than an hour and we couldn't find a gift for Mom! Suddenly, a voice whispers from Nadia's soft drink cup ... Soft drink cup: Who says you must buy a Mother's Day gift for your mom? Listen up! Your Mom works hard all day at the hospital. Then she comes home and works hard to take care of your family. What she needs most is rest! Why don't you give your mom a day off? Nadia: What a great idea! We'll ask Dad to help us. Jay and Nadia quickly finish their food and go to meet their dad. Mr. Thomas is surprised when he doesn't see any packages. Mr. Thomas: Hi, kids. What happened? Didn't you find a gift for Mom? Jay: Dad, we have a present, but it isn't something we can put in a box. Jay and Nadia explain their idea to their dad. Mr. Thomas smiles. He likes the idea. Mr. Thomas: That's great! How did you think of that gift? Nadia: Uh . . . It just came to us while we were having a pizza. Mr. Thomas: Well, I know Mom will like it. We'll go to the supermarket on the way home and buy some of her favourite foods. It's morning on Mother's Day Mr. Thomas, Jay and Nadia get up early to make breakfast. Mr. Thomas carries a tray of food upstairs. Jay and Nadiaknock on the bedroom door. Mrs. Thomas (stretching and yawning): Come in! Jay, Nadia and Mr. Thomas (together): Happy Mother's Day! Mrs. Thomas (sitting up): Breakfast in bed! How lovely! Everything looks delicious. Jay gives his mom a piece of paper with a red ribbon around it. Mrs. Thomas: What's this, Jay? Jay: Read it, Mom. Mrs. Thomas (smiling): "Hear ye, hear ye, members of the Thomas family! Today is Mother's Day! We will honour our mother by giving her a day of rest and relaxation. Her wish is our command!" Wow! What a wonderful gift! This is so nice of you! Mrs. Thomas spent the whole day doing what she liked reading, relaxing and watching her favourite movies. Jay and Nadia helped their dad around the house and made a tasty dinner. After the meal, Mrs. Thomas hugged everyone. Mrs. Thomas: This has been the best day ever. Thank you all, so much! It's Monday morning. The alarm clock rings. Mrs. Thomas gets up and knocks on the doors to Jay and Nadia's rooms. Mrs. Thomas: Jay, Nadia, wake up! It's time for school! (Sighing, to herself.) If only every day could be Mother's Day ...

Read the text and make the sentence complete. The population of the world is growing very fast. In the last 40 years it has doubled. In 2200 our cities will be much bigger. There will be more factories and more roads. We will need more water and more natural resources. Experts say that we must change the way we use energy and natural resources now. Every day we throw away millions of tons of rubbish. Half of this is paper that we can recycle and use again. If we recycle things, we can save money, energy and natural resources. Recycling the Sunday New York Times newspaper, for example, will save 75,000 trees every week. A lot of the rubbish that we throw away is not biodegradable. Plastic, metals and chemicals will not disappear for hundreds of years. We also produce a lot of unnecessary things, such as plastic packaging. It pollutes the air, the land and the water. Pollution will be a very big problem in the future. We should not use non-biodegradable material. We must also reduce a lot of unnecessary things that we produce and use. Many natural resources are not renewable. Coal, gas, oil, metals and minarals, for example, will come to the end one day. We have to reduce the amount of resources and energy. Plastic, metals and chemicals will not disappear for ___________ .

Read the text and make the sentence complete. The population of the world is growing very fast. In the last 40 years it has doubled. In 2200 our cities will be much bigger. There will be more factories and more roads. We will need more water and more natural resources. Experts say that we must change the way we use energy and natural resources now. Every day we throw away millions of tons of rubbish. Half of this is paper that we can recycle and use again. If we recycle things, we can save money, energy and natural resources. Recycling the Sunday New York Times newspaper, for example, will save 75,000 trees every week. A lot of the rubbish that we throw away is not biodegradable. Plastic, metals and chemicals will not disappear for hundreds of years. We also produce a lot of unnecessary things, such as plastic packaging. It pollutes the air, the land and the water. Pollution will be a very big problem in the future. We should not use non-biodegradable material. We must also reduce a lot of unnecessary things that we produce and use. Many natural resources are not renewable. Coal, gas, oil, metals and minarals, for example, will come to the end one day. We have to reduce the amount of resources and energy. We also have to find alternative ways to _____________ energy.

Read the text and make the sentence complete. The population of the world is growing very fast. In the last 40 years it has doubled. In 2200 our cities will be much bigger. There will be more factories and more roads. We will need more water and more natural resources. Experts say that we must change the way we use energy and natural resources now. Every day we throw away millions of tons of rubbish. Half of this is paper that we can recycle and use again. If we recycle things, we can save money, energy and natural resources. Recycling the Sunday New York Times newspaper, for example, will save 75,000 trees every week. A lot of the rubbish that we throw away is not biodegradable. Plastic, metals and chemicals will not disappear for hundreds of years. We also produce a lot of unnecessary things, such as plastic packaging. It pollutes the air, the land and the water. Pollution will be a very big problem in the future. We should not use non-biodegradable material. We must also reduce a lot of unnecessary things that we produce and use. Many natural resources are not renewable. Coal, gas, oil, metals and minarals, for example, will come to the end one day. We have to reduce the amount of resources and energy. Our cities will be much _____________ in future.

Read the text and make the sentence complete. The population of the world is growing very fast. In the last 40 years it has doubled. In 2200 our cities will be much bigger. There will be more factories and more roads. We will need more water and more natural resources. Experts say that we must change the way we use energy and natural resources now. Every day we throw away millions of tons of rubbish. Half of this is paper that we can recycle and use again. If we recycle things, we can save money, energy and natural resources. Recycling the Sunday New York Times newspaper, for example, will save 75,000 trees every week. A lot of the rubbish that we throw away is not biodegradable. Plastic, metals and chemicals will not disappear for hundreds of years. We also produce a lot of unnecessary things, such as plastic packaging. It pollutes the air, the land and the water. Pollution will be a very big problem in the future. We should not use non-biodegradable material. We must also reduce a lot of unnecessary things that we produce and use. Many natural resources are not renewable. Coal, gas, oil, metals and minarals, for example, will come to the end one day. We have to reduce the amount of resources and energy. Every day we throw away _________ of rubbish.

Read the text and make the sentence complete. The population of the world is growing very fast. In the last 40 years it has doubled. In 2200 our cities will be much bigger. There will be more factories and more roads. We will need more water and more natural resources. Experts say that we must change the way we use energy and natural resources now. Every day we throw away millions of tons of rubbish. Half of this is paper that we can recycle and use again. If we recycle things, we can save money, energy and natural resources. Recycling the Sunday New York Times newspaper, for example, will save 75,000 trees every week. A lot of the rubbish that we throw away is not biodegradable. Plastic, metals and chemicals will not disappear for hundreds of years. We also produce a lot of unnecessary things, such as plastic packaging. It pollutes the air, the land and the water. Pollution will be a very big problem in the future. We should not use non-biodegradable material. We must also reduce a lot of unnecessary things that we produce and use. Many natural resources are not renewable. Coal, gas, oil, metals and minarals, for example, will come to the end one day. We have to reduce the amount of resources and energy. The population of the world is growing ____________ .

Read the text and make the sentence complete. The population of the world is growing very fast. In the last 40 years it has doubled. In 2200 our cities will be much bigger. There will be more factories and more roads. We will need more water and more natural resources. Experts say that we must change the way we use energy and natural resources now. Every day we throw away millions of tons of rubbish. Half of this is paper that we can recycle and use again. If we recycle things, we can save money, energy and natural resources. Recycling the Sunday New York Times newspaper, for example, will save 75,000 trees every week. A lot of the rubbish that we throw away is not biodegradable. Plastic, metals and chemicals will not disappear for hundreds of years. We also produce a lot of unnecessary things, such as plastic packaging. It pollutes the air, the land and the water. Pollution will be a very big problem in the future. We should not use non-biodegradable material. We must also reduce a lot of unnecessary things that we produce and use. Many natural resources are not renewable. Coal, gas, oil, metals and minarals, for example, will come to the end one day. We have to reduce the amount of resources and energy. ___________________ pollutes the air, the land and the water.

Read the text and make the sentence complete. The population of the world is growing very fast. In the last 40 years it has doubled. In 2200 our cities will be much bigger. There will be more factories and more roads. We will need more water and more natural resources. Experts say that we must change the way we use energy and natural resources now. Every day we throw away millions of tons of rubbish. Half of this is paper that we can recycle and use again. If we recycle things, we can save money, energy and natural resources. Recycling the Sunday New York Times newspaper, for example, will save 75,000 trees every week. A lot of the rubbish that we throw away is not biodegradable. Plastic, metals and chemicals will not disappear for hundreds of years. We also produce a lot of unnecessary things, such as plastic packaging. It pollutes the air, the land and the water. Pollution will be a very big problem in the future. We should not use non-biodegradable material. We must also reduce a lot of unnecessary things that we produce and use. Many natural resources are not renewable. Coal, gas, oil, metals and minarals, for example, will come to the end one day. We have to reduce the amount of resources and energy. If we _____________ things, we can save money, energy and natural resources.

Choose the right answers.

Watch the video. Read the text and choose the proper word to insert in each sentence.

I ... to school now.

We ... already ... this exercise.

He ... already ... when we ... home.

We ... when you ... .

My friend ... to my place yesterday. He often ... it on Saturday.

I ... you tomorrow if I ... some free time.

Kate ... you at the airport if she ... her work early.

Tom ... help you unless he ... .

We ... breakfast when mum ... it.

We ... you everything unless you ... angry with us.

This ring ... of gold.

My teacher ... me at the lesson yestreday.

This picture ... by me last week.

I ... roller-skating tomorrow.

Lots of newspapers ... every day.

I usually _____to school at 8 o`clock

Read and choose.

⭐⭐?????? ??? ??????? ??????.

Read the text and put the statements below in the right categories. Jaya Rajah Jaya Rajah is fourteen, but he doesn't go to school, he goes to New York University. He is in a class of twenty-year-olds. Jaya was born in Madras in India but now lives in a house in New York with his mother, father, and brother. They can all speak English. His father is a doctor. Jaya was different from a very young age. He could write before he could say 'Mummy' or 'Daddy'. He could play the piano when he was five and use a computer when he was eight. Now he studies from 8.15 to 4.00 every day at the university. Then he studies at home with his father from 6.30 to 10.00 every evening. Jaya doesn't have any friends. He never goes out in the evenings, but he sometimes watches TV. He says, "I live for one thing – I want to be a doctor before I am seventeen. Other children of my age are boring. They can't understand me."

Read the text below and choose an appropriate summary. Every time you're online, you are bombarded by pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement at their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it's so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news. There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don't get fooled! 1. Check the source Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don't have many real stories about other topics. If you aren't sure, click on the 'About' page and look for a clear description of the organisation. 2. Watch out for fake photos Many fake news stories use images that are Photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts. 3. Check the story is in other places Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn't fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story. 4. Look for other signs There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it's probably designed to make you angry. If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don't share it!

Read the text and mark the statements True, False or Not stated. An Exchange Student at 17 It almost feels like as if it was just yesterday when I was on my own on a plane not really knowing what to expect but excited for what the future had for me. Now I’m back home with a ton of memories, e-mails to answer, and a lot of stories to share. So I will write about my experience of being an exchange student in Appleton, Wisconsin for a whole school year. I’ve wanted to be an exchange student my whole high school life. I read about summer programs in a brochure from IFS. Having friends from another country would be the coolest thing in the world. I would be on my own, have my own Indiana Jones adventure. At the end of my senior year I was applying to IFS. I had meetings in the weekends about rules, how to survive, homesickness, etc. I was placed with the greatest host family in the whole world. They treated me like their own. I had a host mom, a host dad, a brother and sister. Ben would always be sweet and give me hugs and kisses. I loved every minute of it because I never had a younger brother before. Through e-mails we established that I was going to call them Mom and Dad. I felt super loved. They hugged me when I needed to be hugged, let me stay out late at night with my friends, and even let me have parties in the basement. I went to an American co-ed public high school, and that was a big adjustment coming from an all-girl private Catholic school. I have never met so many kinds of people in just one place. I was scared during the first day of school. I didn’t know anyone, I got lost since the school was huge. But pretty soon I started to get comfortable. It was funny how people always got surprised by how good I was at speaking in English. They were like, “Wow, you even speak better English than me”. I had the chance to take fun classes like Spanish, photography, and art, so I met people with similar interests as me and got to go to field trips. My favourite one was going to Chicago. I was giving a talk about the Philippines for the school’s Global Awareness Week. I made a lot of friends and met so many people. Friends took me out to movies, hockey games, restaurants, road trips, rock shows and concerts. I got to do my first American prank, which was writing on boys’ cars with lipstick. Everyone was warm, open. I never really got homesick because I had friends who made sure I was okay. They were all always there for me and helping me. I will forever remember all the fun times I had with them. Every month, I met with other exchange students in our area. I made friends with people from Germany, Brazil, the Netherlands, England, Hungary, etc. It was fun when we were together because we saw how language, skin color or height didn’t matter. We were all the same. We talked about the differences at home, school, and out countries. I learned so many things about other cultures. Being away for 10 months and living alone in a completely different world has taught me a lot of things. I now can say that I am independent, appreciate my family and friends here more, open to new ideas, and more confident about myself. Having my own adventure has proven to me that anything is possible and that I can do anything.

Read the text and mark the statements True, False or Not stated. Hi guys! I’m Marty and I’ve made a short film about a treetop course I did at Larrumby Wildlife Park last weekend. It’s near where I live and you can imagine the views from up there – amazing! Anyway, the film’s called Scary! And I’m the director, the main cameraman and the leading actor. And I made it with my new video camera, which is awesome – it’s really good quality and you just fasten it to your head and off you go. By the way, I asked someone else to film me as well. So that’s me on the zip wire! As soon as I got there, the guide directed us to a waiting room and announced that the instructor was going to be late. So I had the opportunity to ask my group some questions. I asked one of the girls if she was scared. She said she was terrified, but her brother had insisted that she should do the course. I talked to him too, but I hadn’t remembered to turn the sound on, so you can’t hear his interview. Finally, the instructor, whose name was Phil, arrived and asked the group some questions. He asked me if I had done this before and I told him that I hadn’t. I don’t think anyone had, actually. Phil said we would enjoy it, and he told us to put on some special equipment and get ready. Then he gave us some important instructions for the course – like remembering to fasten the blue clips, called ‘karabiners’, for safety reasons. He really did stress that over and over again. I know being safe is VERY important, but as a film-maker I found it quite boring. I did film him saying all these things, but when I got home, I decided to cut that part out. So here we are! This is the Green course. Everyone has to do this course first to make sure that they are able to do the other courses, which are more challenging. Phil said that a young boy had found this a bit difficult last week. I thought I could get some great scenes for the film here and I did! Just look at this! It was really high up! But I think it looks scarier than it actually was! After the Green course we went straight onto the most challenging one – the Black course. I thought it was going to be easy to film, but you go down the Giant Flying Fox so fast you can’t see or hear anything. But I put some funky music on and well, I think it’s pretty cool. It was really scary though! Well, that’s my first short film. Like I said, it was all done on my new camera, which worked like a dream. So, if you enjoyed this short film, hit that Like button. Watch this channel for my next short film: Surfers’ Delight! Maybe one day I’ll be a famous film-maker!

Read the text and arrange the facts in the correct order. I'll Never Buy Cheap Fashion Again Around me, factory workers, some only 12 years old, were bent over ancient sewing machines. The smell of chemicals was suffocating and the heat was intense. My supervisor held up the shirt I was sewing. "You have to work faster!" he told me. Everyone loves a bargain and the high streets these days are full of the latest fashions at rock-bottom prices. Many times, I would buy a dress in the morning, wear it at a party that night, and then hardly ever wear it again. Next week I might do the same again. I never thought about where it came from, who made it, and why it was so cheap. But then I saw an advert in a local newspaper for young people to take part in a TV documentary. We would be working at a clothes factory in New Delhi, India, for two weeks to find out how manufacturers could make such cheap clothes. I was studying journalism at university, so this seemed perfect. And after all, how hard could making T-shirts be? My first day in the factory began at 7:30 am. As I approached, I was immediately shocked by the dirty, rundown building. The supervisor showed me the basement where I would be working. It was a huge, noisy. boiling hot room where at least a hundred other people were already hard at work. I sat down at one of the old sewing machines. Today, I was sewing pockets on shirts and my goal was fifty an hour, but after 30 minutes, I'd finished just four. My supervisor came over and told me disapprovingly that if I continued like that, I wouldn't get paid. I felt like crying. I worked for 12 hours, with just fifteen minutes for lunch, but at the end of the day, the factory owner handed me 100 rupees about £1.50! Later, I went to buy some toothpaste but found it cost more than a day's wages. By far the biggest surprise, though, was that just like the other factory workers, I would be sleeping on the factory floor every night! That evening, I spoke with some of the young girls. "Why aren't you angry about the conditions in the factory?" I asked one of them." I am, but there is no other work here," she explained. "It's the factory or the street and if you say anything, you lose your job." The other girls nodded in agreement. For two weeks, I worked 12 hours a day for 6 days a week and slept in the factory. It was the most exhausting time of my life. I never managed to work fast enough or well enough, so my wages were lowered and I was moved from sewing shirts to glueing parts of shoes together. The chemicals in the hot glue made it difficult to breathe and strange rashes appeared on my skin. Eventually, I was demoted to the lowliest position in the factory- sewing on buttons. The only times I was happy were when I was talking to my friend Aleya after work. I started teaching her to read. Lack of education is a major problem here. Who has time for school when 12 hours' work can barely buy your family food? Back home, I refuse to go to cheap high street shops anymore because they make me feel sick. How can people spend £15 on a T-shirt while Aleya slaves for £9 a week? So I've started campaigning for ethical fashion; I write letters to governments and big stores to complain about sweatshop labour. I still like fashion, but I've found fairtrade designers online. They're more expensive, but now I just buy one quality piece of clothing every few months. I hope that when people see the documentary, they think twice before grabbing that dirt-cheap pair of jeans in the future. We all need to understand the true cost of cheap clothes.

Read the text. Choose the best title for the text. How to spot fake news Every time you’re online, you are bombarded with pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement on their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it’s so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news. There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don’t get fooled! Check the source Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don’t have many real stories about other topics. If you aren’t sure, click on the ‘About’ page and look for a clear description of the organisation. Watch out for fake photos Many fake news stories use images that are photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts. Check the story is in other places Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn’t fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story. Look for other signs There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it’s probably designed to make you angry. If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don’t share it!

Read the text and choose the right answer. How to spot fake news Every time you’re online, you are bombarded with pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement on their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it’s so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news. There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don’t get fooled! Check the source Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don’t have many real stories about other topics. If you aren’t sure, click on the ‘About’ page and look for a clear description of the organisation. Watch out for fake photos Many fake news stories use images that are photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts. Check the story is in other places Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn’t fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story. Look for other signs There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it’s probably designed to make you angry. If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don’t share it! Which reason is NOT given for an online fake news story?

Read the text and choose the right answer. How to spot fake news Every time you’re online, you are bombarded with pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement on their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it’s so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news. There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don’t get fooled! Check the source Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don’t have many real stories about other topics. If you aren’t sure, click on the ‘About’ page and look for a clear description of the organisation. Watch out for fake photos Many fake news stories use images that are photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts. Check the story is in other places Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn’t fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story. Look for other signs There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it’s probably designed to make you angry. If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don’t share it! The text says some fake news … .

Read the text and choose the right answer. How to spot fake news Every time you’re online, you are bombarded with pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement on their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it’s so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news. There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don’t get fooled! Check the source Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don’t have many real stories about other topics. If you aren’t sure, click on the ‘About’ page and look for a clear description of the organisation. Watch out for fake photos Many fake news stories use images that are photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts. Check the story is in other places Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn’t fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story. Look for other signs There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it’s probably designed to make you angry. If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don’t share it! Which of these may mean that a news site should not be trusted?

Read the text and choose the right answer. How to spot fake news Every time you’re online, you are bombarded with pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement on their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it’s so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news. There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don’t get fooled! Check the source Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don’t have many real stories about other topics. If you aren’t sure, click on the ‘About’ page and look for a clear description of the organisation. Watch out for fake photos Many fake news stories use images that are photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts. Check the story is in other places Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn’t fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story. Look for other signs There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it’s probably designed to make you angry. If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don’t share it! What is the purpose of using Google Reverse Image search?

Read the text and choose the right answer. How to spot fake news Every time you’re online, you are bombarded with pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement on their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it’s so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news. There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don’t get fooled! Check the source Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don’t have many real stories about other topics. If you aren’t sure, click on the ‘About’ page and look for a clear description of the organisation. Watch out for fake photos Many fake news stories use images that are photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts. Check the story is in other places Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn’t fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story. Look for other signs There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it’s probably designed to make you angry. If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don’t share it! Fake news stories … .

Read the text and choose the right answer. How to spot fake news Every time you’re online, you are bombarded with pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement on their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it’s so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news. There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don’t get fooled! Check the source Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don’t have many real stories about other topics. If you aren’t sure, click on the ‘About’ page and look for a clear description of the organisation. Watch out for fake photos Many fake news stories use images that are photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts. Check the story is in other places Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn’t fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story. Look for other signs There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it’s probably designed to make you angry. If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don’t share it! You can determine if a news story is fake ... .

Read the text and choose the right answer. How to spot fake news Every time you’re online, you are bombarded with pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement on their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it’s so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news. There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don’t get fooled! Check the source Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don’t have many real stories about other topics. If you aren’t sure, click on the ‘About’ page and look for a clear description of the organisation. Watch out for fake photos Many fake news stories use images that are photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts. Check the story is in other places Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn’t fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story. Look for other signs There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it’s probably designed to make you angry. If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don’t share it! What should you do with fake news?

Read the text and choose the right answer. How to spot fake news Every time you’re online, you are bombarded with pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement on their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it’s so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news. There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don’t get fooled! Check the source Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don’t have many real stories about other topics. If you aren’t sure, click on the ‘About’ page and look for a clear description of the organisation. Watch out for fake photos Many fake news stories use images that are photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts. Check the story is in other places Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn’t fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story. Look for other signs There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it’s probably designed to make you angry. If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don’t share it! What is the purpose of this article?

Read the text and choose the best title. Brian Potter has been sandboarding for the past seven years. He loves it because he can do it pretty much anywhere there is sand! He says, “I’m a real speed freak and I find nothing more exciting than to take out my board and whizz down the sand dunes.” The general idea of sand-boarding is the same as snowboarding. People simply strap a board to their feet and slide down a hill. Brian says, “Last year, I entered the International Sandboarding Championships in Germany. There were around 50,000 entrants and l came 100th, so I was pretty proud.” Carla Murphy is known in certain circles as a “zorbanaut”. This is because she spends some of her free time inside a large inflatable’ plastic ball called a zorb. “Zorbing is so much fun, I just can’t get enough,” she says. Zorbing involves rolling down a steep hill strapped inside a ball, which can reach speeds of up to 50 to 60 kmph if the hill is steep enough. Up to three people can be inside at the same time. “It’s fantastic. You’re totally protected from bumps and knocks by the zorb, but you bounce around as if you are weightless. Anyone from 6 to 60 can do it,” Carla explains. This bizarre activity originated in New Zealand, and now there are centres all around the world. Carla thinks it’s great. “When we start rolling, we just start laughing, and we can’t stop.” Paul Lynch has been practising ice climbing for several years now and has climbed many frozen waterfalls. “My parents took me skiing in the Alps when I was a child and ever since, I’ve been addicted to the mountains. I moved to Canada a few years ago, and I fell in love with ice climbing. I spend most of my free time climbing ice in the Rockies. Basically, ice climbing involves swinging an axe into the ice above your head and pulling yourself up on it. You need a lot of equipment, such as a helmet, rope, and boots for ice climbing. And of course, it’s very physical, so you really have to be in good shape,” says Paul. Harry Bolton didn’t really like sport at all until he discovered something both new and unusual, “I was listening to the radio one day when I heard something that I thought must have been a joke. The DJ was talking about underwater hockey! When I realized it actually was a real sport, I decided to find out more about it. To my surprise, I found a local team, and before I knew it, I was part of it!” Unlike water polo, where the action takes place above the water, underwater hockey is played at the bottom of the pool. Players wear masks, flippers, and snorkels during the game. “The rules are really simple, you just have to slide the puck into the opposing team’s goal,” says Harry. Underwater hockey was invented by a British diving club in 1954 and was originally called Octopush. Harry told us, “Unfortunately, it’s not much of a spectator sport, as all people watching from outside the pool can see are lots of splashing and flippers!”

Read the text and decide if the statements are T (true) or F (false). Brian Potter has been sandboarding for the past seven years. He loves it because he can do it pretty much anywhere there is sand! He says, “I’m a real speed freak and I find nothing more exciting than to take out my board and whizz down the sand dunes.” The general idea of sand-boarding is the same as snowboarding. People simply strap a board to their feet and slide down a hill. Brian says, “Last year, I entered the International Sandboarding Championships in Germany. There were around 50,000 entrants and l came 100th, so I was pretty proud.” Carla Murphy is known in certain circles as a “zorbanaut”. This is because she spends some of her free time inside a large inflatable’ plastic ball called a zorb. “Zorbing is so much fun, I just can’t get enough,” she says. Zorbing involves rolling down a steep hill strapped inside a ball, which can reach speeds of up to 50 to 60 kmph if the hill is steep enough. Up to three people can be inside at the same time. “It’s fantastic. You’re totally protected from bumps and knocks by the zorb, but you bounce around as if you are weightless. Anyone from 6 to 60 can do it,” Carla explains. This bizarre activity originated in New Zealand, and now there are centres all around the world. Carla thinks it’s great. “When we start rolling, we just start laughing, and we can’t stop.” Paul Lynch has been practising ice climbing for several years now and has climbed many frozen waterfalls. “My parents took me skiing in the Alps when I was a child and ever since, I’ve been addicted to the mountains. I moved to Canada a few years ago, and I fell in love with ice climbing. I spend most of my free time climbing ice in the Rockies. Basically, ice climbing involves swinging an axe into the ice above your head and pulling yourself up on it. You need a lot of equipment, such as a helmet, rope, and boots for ice climbing. And of course, it’s very physical, so you really have to be in good shape,” says Paul. Harry Bolton didn’t really like sport at all until he discovered something both new and unusual, “I was listening to the radio one day when I heard something that I thought must have been a joke. The DJ was talking about underwater hockey! When I realized it actually was a real sport, I decided to find out more about it. To my surprise, I found a local team, and before I knew it, I was part of it!” Unlike water polo, where the action takes place above the water, underwater hockey is played at the bottom of the pool. Players wear masks, flippers, and snorkels during the game. “The rules are really simple, you just have to slide the puck into the opposing team’s goal,” says Harry. Underwater hockey was invented by a British diving club in 1954 and was originally called Octopush. Harry told us, “Unfortunately, it’s not much of a spectator sport, as all people watching from outside the pool can see are lots of splashing and flippers!”

Advanced level Read the text and choose the correct option. When I Grow Up When I was in kindergarten, my class was asked, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” Colorful crayons danced across sheets of paper to illustrate our dream occupations and cherished jobs. Our drawings were hung in the school hallway for our parents to see at Back to School Night. I remember looking down the line and seeing pictures of pretty ballerinas dancing, brave firefighters putting out a blaze, and fearless astronauts leaping across the moon – admirable careers that were seen as typical dreams of five-year-old kids. My picture showed a stick figure with brown disheveled hair holding a carton of orange juice over a large rectangle that was supposed to be a counter. Underneath was my barely legible handwriting: “When I grow up, I want to work at the Market Basket because it would be fun to swipe orange juice across the scanner and talk to customers.” To this day my parents won’t let me forget that out of everything I could have aspired to be, my five-year-old self wished to work at the local grocery store. When we are young, questions of what we want to be when we grow up are common. Yet we are not expected to respond with an answer that is likely to come true. However, when we become teenagers, we are asked the very same question twice as often. The difference is, now we are supposed to answer with confidence. Teenagers are expected to know exactly what they want to be and how they are going to achieve that goal. Not all of us can be so sure at this age. Even though I am in high school, I cannot answer convincingly. But I don’t consider that a bad thing. How am I supposed to know what I will want to spend my time doing at the age of thirty or forty? When I think about the future, I definitely don’t see myself working at the counter of the Market Basket, but in reality, if that was what would make me happy, I would do it. So, the next time someone asks me what I want to be when I grow up, I will simply say, “I want to be happy.” And it is hope that drives us in this direction. “Hope is not a grain of sand,” the Gambian poet, Lenrie Peters, echoes, but no matter how tiny it is, it would still be sufficient to keep the youth alive and sane in most extreme circumstances. It is hope that spurs the youth on, to be up and doing. It is hope that keeps the youth going no matter how hard it is. Nelson Mandela as a youth hoped against all hope for the liberation of his people and he actually lived to see his hope being fulfilled. Robinson Crusoe, cast away on an uninhabited island, hoped against all hope for survival and this propelled him to start from scratch and build a compound and large farm single-handedly. Far away in “Another Country: the Land of Literature,” Sister Eileen Sweeney sums up through her writings that Hope is the anchor that keeps “the ship” called “youth” steadfastly held together no matter the high and stormy sea of passion, pain, distress or tribulation that batter against it. Happiness is a destination for everyone. We may want to walk different paths in life, narrow or wide, crooked or straight, but we all want to be happy wherever we end up. Choose your path, but don’t worry too much about choosing wisely. Make a mistake or two and try new things. But always remember, if you’re not happy, you’re not at the end of your journey yet.

Read the text and choose the best title. Bright sparks It isn’t just old professors or managing directors with years of experience behind them who have amazing ideas. Here are three ordinary people who are rocking the world with their bright ideas ... and a lot of hard work! Angela Zhang scientist, California, USA Angela Zhang had enjoyed reading advanced science papers from a young age. But when she explained to her chemistry teacher that she had been working on a method for curing cancer, her teacher was stunned! Angela had had the idea of developing a nanoparticle that would deliver drugs to tumours without destroying the surrounding tissue. She asked if she could do research on her idea in a laboratory at Stanford University. Angela admitted that she found it all a little bit overwhelming at first. “But then I found that it almost became like a puzzle, being able to decode something," she added. The results of tests on her discovery have been very promising. Emily Cummins inventor, England Emily Cummins had loved making things from scrap materials ever since her grandfather gave her a hammer when she was only 4 years old. Then, one day, Emily came up with a simple, yet brilliant idea. She designed a portable, eco-friendly fridge that had the potential to help thousands of people in the developing world. ‘'The simplest method of cooling something can be seen when you look at how we cool biologically – through sweating or evaporation," Emily said. So her fridge is made of 2 cylinders, one inside the other. As water between the cylinders evaporates in the sun, heat is removed from the inner cylinder, enabling food to be kept inside at a cool 6 °C. Emily took her design to poor areas of Africa, where people called her ‘the fridge lady’! Now Emily gives talks encouraging young people to follow their dreams. Derreck Kayongo community project leader, Uganda Has it ever crossed your mind how wasteful it is to use a bar of soap in a hotel only a few times? Well, while staying in a hotel in the USA, Ugandan Derreck Kayongo was very shocked to be told that guests were given new soap every day while 2 million young children were dying every year through lack of hygiene in the developing world. This got him thinking. He wondered if he could recycle the soap for people who needed it. So, in 2009, Derreck started asking hotels if they could donate their used bars of soap that would be otherwise put in the bin. “We sanitise them first,” he explained, “then heat them at very high temperatures, chill them and cut them into final bars, it’s a very simple process, but a lot of hard work." So far, Derreck’s "Global Soap Project" has provided more than 100,000 bars of soap to 9 countries absolutely free!

Read the text and choose whether the statements are true or false. Bright sparks It isn’t just old professors or managing directors with years of experience behind them who have amazing ideas. Here are three ordinary people who are rocking the world with their bright ideas ... and a lot of hard work! Angela Zhang scientist, California, USA Angela Zhang had enjoyed reading advanced science papers from a young age. But when she explained to her chemistry teacher that she had been working on a method for curing cancer, her teacher was stunned! Angela had had the idea of developing a nanoparticle that would deliver drugs to tumours without destroying the surrounding tissue. She asked if she could do research on her idea in a laboratory at Stanford University. Angela admitted that she found it all a little bit overwhelming at first. “But then I found that it almost became like a puzzle, being able to decode something," she added. The results of tests on her discovery have been very promising. Emily Cummins inventor, England Emily Cummins had loved making things from scrap materials ever since her grandfather gave her a hammer when she was only 4 years old. Then, one day, Emily came up with a simple, yet brilliant idea. She designed a portable, eco-friendly fridge that had the potential to help thousands of people in the developing world. ‘'The simplest method of cooling something can be seen when you look at how we cool biologically – through sweating or evaporation," Emily said. So her fridge is made of 2 cylinders, one inside the other. As water between the cylinders evaporates in the sun, heat is removed from the inner cylinder, enabling food to be kept inside at a cool 6 °C. Emily took her design to poor areas of Africa, where people called her ‘the fridge lady’! Now Emily gives talks encouraging young people to follow their dreams. Derreck Kayongo community project leader, Uganda Has it ever crossed your mind how wasteful it is to use a bar of soap in a hotel only a few times? Well, while staying in a hotel in the USA, Ugandan Derreck Kayongo was very shocked to be told that guests were given new soap every day while 2 million young children were dying every year through lack of hygiene in the developing world. This got him thinking. He wondered if he could recycle the soap for people who needed it. So, in 2009, Derreck started asking hotels if they could donate their used bars of soap that would be otherwise put in the bin. “We sanitise them first,” he explained, “then heat them at very high temperatures, chill them and cut them into final bars, it’s a very simple process, but a lot of hard work." So far, Derreck’s "Global Soap Project" has provided more than 100,000 bars of soap to 9 countries absolutely free!

Read the text and complete the sentences with the correct items.

Choose the correct answer. She_____to school now.

Read the sentence and choose the correct option. They (to go) to school now.

Read the text and put each sentence into the correct group. Mobile phones When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication. For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as clearly as if they were in the same room. Nowadays, though, we increasingly use Bell’s invention for emails, faxes, and the internet rather than talking. Over the last two decades, a new means of spoken communication have emerged: the mobile phone. The modern mobile phone is a more complex version of the two-way radio. Traditional two-way radio was a very limited means of communication. In the 1940s, researchers decided to use a number of radio masts to pick up signals from two-way radios. When a caller moved too far away from one mast, the next mast would pick up the signal. Scientists called each mast’s reception area a separate “cell”; this is why, in many countries, mobile phones are called “cell phones”. The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modern mobile handset. He tested his invention by calling a rival scientist to announce his success. Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public. The streets of modern cities were full of young professionals who carried the expensive handsets as status symbols. But in the mid-90s, something happened. Cheaper handsets and cheaper calling rates meant that, almost overnight, it seemed that everyone had a mobile phone. And the giant plastic bricks of the 80s had been replaced with smooth little objects that fitted nicely into pockets and bags. Meeting times became approximate, subject to change at any moment under the new order of communication: the Short Message Service (SMS) or text message. Going to be late? Send a text message! It takes much less effort than arriving on time, and it’s much less awkward than explaining your lateness face-to-face. It’s the perfect communication method for the busy modern lifestyle. Like email before it, the text message has altered the way we write in English, bringing more abbreviations and a more lax approach to language construction. Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you’re sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing “Will В 15 min late — C U @ the bar. Sorry!:-)”. Mobile phones are now a vital part of daily life for people. Over the last few years mobiles have become more and more advanced, with built-in cameras, global positioning devices and internet access. The “third generation” of mobile phones are powerful microcomputers with broadband internet access, which allow us to watch TV, download internet files at high speed and send instant video clips to friends. Alexander Graham Bell would be amazed if he could see how far the science of telephony has progressed in less than 150 years. If he were around today, he might say: “That’s gr8! But I’m v busy right now. Will call U 2nite”.

Match the definitions to the materials.